確保牙膏含有氟化物。只使用一點牙膏，並確保您的孩子將其吐出來。
Make sure the toothpaste has fluoride. Use only a bit of toothpaste and make
sure your child spits it out.
由於幼兒過量吞嚥牙膏可能導致氟斑牙，6歲以下的兒童刷牙時應有人監督，只使用少量牙膏。
As excessive swallowing of toothpaste
by young children may result in dental fluorosis, children under 6 years of age
should be supervised during brushing and only use a small amount of toothpaste.
3 歲以下的兒童應由成人幫忙刷牙。在這個年齡段使用含氟牙膏是由風險水平決定的。父母應諮詢健康專家，以確定 3 歲以下的孩子是否有患蛀牙的風險。如果存在這種風險，則應由成人使用最少量（一粒米大小）的含氟牙膏刷牙。已確定使用少量含氟牙膏可在氟化物的益處和患氟中毒的風險之間取得平衡。如果認為兒童風險較低，則應由成人使用僅用水潤濕的牙刷刷牙。
Children under 3 years of age should have their teeth
brushed by an adult. The use of fluoridated toothpaste in this age group is
determined by the level of risk. Parents should consult a health professional
to determine whether a child up to 3 years of age is at risk of developing
tooth decay. If such a risk exists, the child's teeth should be brushed by an
adult using a minimal amount (a portion the size of a grain of rice) of
fluoridated toothpaste. Use of fluoridated toothpaste in a small amount has
been determined to achieve a balance between the benefits of fluoride and the
risk of developing fluorosis. If the child is considered to be at low risk, the
teeth should be brushed by an adult using a toothbrush moistened only with
water.
3 至 6 歲的兒童應在成人的幫助下刷牙。只要使用少量（綠豆大小）含氟牙膏。
Children from 3 to 6 years of
age should be
assisted by an adult in brushing their teeth. Only a small amount (a portion
the size of a green pea) of fluoridated toothpaste should be used.
牙齒窩溝封填pit
and fissure sealant是什麼？該帶孩子做窩溝封填嗎？
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